Data Files and Formats
Files used for storing structured data in various formats.
| Extension | Description | Author | File / Link |
|---|---|---|---|
arrow
|
Columnar binary file format storing Arrow record batches (also used with .feather) | Apache Software Foundation | Link |
asc
|
Text encoding of OpenPGP signatures, keys, and encrypted messages | IETF OpenPGP Working Group | Link |
avro
|
Schema-based binary data serialization and container file format | Apache Software Foundation | Link |
cer
|
Public-key certificate in DER or PEM encoding, the usual extension on Windows | IETF | Link |
crt
|
Public-key certificate in PEM or DER encoding, conventionally used on Unix-like systems | IETF | Link |
geojson
|
JSON format for geographic features, geometries, and properties, standardized in RFC 7946 | IETF (Butler et al.) | Link |
gpg
|
Binary OpenPGP packets: encrypted data, signatures, or keys, as created by GnuPG | IETF OpenPGP Working Group / GnuPG Project | Link |
gpx
|
XML schema for exchanging GPS waypoints, routes, and tracks between devices and software | TopoGrafix | Link |
ipynb
|
JSON notebook format holding code, outputs, and narrative text (Project Jupyter nbformat) | Project Jupyter | Link |
json
|
Lightweight text-based data interchange format of objects, arrays, and values | Douglas Crockford / ECMA / IETF | Link |
kml
|
XML-based geographic annotation and visualization format, an OGC standard | Google / Open Geospatial Consortium | Link |
ndjson
|
Text format with one JSON value per line, used for streaming and record-oriented data (also .jsonl) | NDJSON specification contributors | Link |
p12
|
Password-protected bundle of private keys and certificates; same format as .pfx | RSA Laboratories / IETF | Link |
parquet
|
Open-source columnar binary file format for analytics and big data | Apache Software Foundation | Link |
pem
|
Text encoding for X.509 certificates, keys, and other cryptographic structures | IETF (S. Josefsson, S. Leonard) | Link |
pfx
|
Windows name for PKCS #12 bundles with private key and certificate chain | Microsoft / RSA Laboratories / IETF | Link |
toml
|
Readable, strongly typed configuration file format that maps to a hash table | Tom Preston-Werner | Link |
torrent
|
Bencoded dictionary describing shared files, piece hashes, and tracker URLs | Bram Cohen / BitTorrent.org | Link |
ts
|
Source code of the TypeScript language, a typed superset of JavaScript | Microsoft | Link |
tsv
|
Plain-text tabular data with tab-delimited fields (text/tab-separated-values) | IANA (media type registration) | Link |
yaml
|
YAML Ain't Markup Language | Link | |
yml
|
The .yml file extension is an older alternative for YAML files. | yaml | |